Key Takeaways The Eurodollar system remains a predominantly private, offshore network of dollar credit, but it can no longer be understood as wholly beyond the reach of the Federal Reserve. Since 2008, dollar shortages in that system have repeatedly drawn the Fed into the role of ultimate crisis backstop. Federal Reserve swap lines are the...Read More

This article concentrates on an analysis of the UK monetary policy operated by the Bank of England in attempting to control inflation, though some of the points made may have wider validity to other central banks. The essay develops its argumentation along five broad themes across five main sections. The first section looks at some...Read More

The EU-India renewed strategic partnership marks a pivotal shift amid US isolationism under President Trump and rising Indo-Pacific tensions. This new Fondation Robert Schuman report, written by GPI Associate Director and Head of the Europe Programme, Karine de Vergeron, analyses how the landmark Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Security Partnership bolster mutual stability, trade diversification,...Read More

Dr Karine Lisbonne Vergeron, Associate Director and Head of GPI Europe, was interviewed by Jean-Raphaël Peytregnet, a career diplomat who served as Consul General of France in Guangzhou (2007-2011) and Beijing (2014-2018) as well as in Mumbai/Bombay from 2011 to 2014 with  for Nouveaux Regards sur l’Asie #17 (October 2025), a publication of the Fondation...Read More

We highlight similarities and differences in Indian, Japanese and Indonesian perceptions of the European Union (EU) at times of crisis, taking into account the Covid crisis and Russia’s war against Ukraine and assess whether these perceptions of three of the biggest players in the Indo-Pacific are linked to the way in which they perceive themselves...Read More

The advent of digital stablecoins and the continuing decline of cash are prompting central banks across the world to explore developing their own digital currencies. Although few have launched so far, the potential for central bank digital currency (CBDC) promises a revolution in banking. Michael Lloyd considers the opportunities and threats that the arrival of...Read More

The French president wants to unleash an “investment shock” in strategic industries in the EU, but subsidies alone are unlikely to make the bloc competitive. Emmanuel Macron, France’s president, has recently given a number of sobering speeches about Europe’s future. His main message: Europe faces a dangerous set of challenges that could destroy the EU...Read More

After one year of war in Ukraine, it is evident that European countries must significantly increase their defence spending and rebuild their capabilities. Whilst it is true that Germany has taken some independent steps forward regarding defence, this is not detrimental to collective European defence efforts. In fact, greater Franco-German cooperation (and a more defence-minded...Read More

I believe that the recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) offer immense opportunities for the field of education. The recent developments in artificial intelligence have created a wave of fear-based responses in the education sector. Many schools and policymakers have reacted to the rise of AI by creating software that can detect AI-generated content and...Read More

The European Union’s (EU) regulation on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA) brings crypto-assets, crypto-assets issuers and crypto-asset service providers under a harmonized legal framework covering this sector for the first time.  Given the global nature of crypto-markets, it is anticipated that EU-level regulation should be a more effective governance structure than has been the case with...Read More